class: bottom, inverse background-image: url(images/stars.jpeg) background-size: cover ## Introduction to Modern Measurement #### University of Amsterdam, Honours Bachelor Psycholoy, Modern Measurement #### Alexander Savi, 10 March 2017 ??? [Image credit](https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/assets/stars6.jpg) --- class: center, middle, inverse background-image: url(images/stars.jpeg) background-size: cover ??? * I'd first like you to imagine you're lying in a park at night, watching the stars above you. * Imagine it's 1517, 500 years back, before Galileo Galilei's time, and your wondering about this large black plane and its glowing dots. * How could you learn more about it? --- class: center, inverse background-image: url(images/telescope_europe.jpeg) background-size: cover .pull-right[__David Knight (1976), The Nature of Science, p. 136__] ??? * Although quite a few years and a lot of development later, THIS is how you can learn more about it. * A very good measurement device. * The impact of such is device is enormous, read David Knight, The Nature of Science, p.136. * Book on the history of science, shortly describes the impact of the telescope. * Excerpt refers Tycho Brahe, a distinguished astronomer from a century before. * "..., the improvement of astronomy was something of major national importance to any maritime power; as preachers pointed out, to know where on earth one is going it is necessary to study the heavens. In 1675 therefore Greenwich Observatory was founded, and this was an institution supported by the government. The invention of the telescope had introduced a new order of accuracy in the observation of stars and planets, making Tycho's work obsolete, as well as disclosing enormous numbers of new stars; and the perfection of pendulum clocks led to a new accuracy in the measurement of times and hence of angles. Even in Tycho's day, astronomy was a science which had needed expensive apparatus if good enough observations were to be made; as a Victorian Astronomer Royal was to point out, bad observations are worse than none at all" * This is a very modern telescope, called an extremely large telescope. * European telescope on Chile, finished in 2024. * <font color="#D55E00">Stress importance of accurate measurement.</font> --- .pull-left[ ### Microbiology, medicine <img src="images/microscope.jpeg" style="height: 150px;"/> Electron microscope ### Seismology, ecology <img src="images/gps.png" style="height: 150px;"/> GPS ] .pull-right[ ### Plant biology, virology <img src="images/dna_sequencer.jpeg" style="height: 150px;"/> Genome sequencing ### Psychology ] ??? * In other fields technological advances have created similar revolutions. Electron microscope * Viruses and vaccinations, cell vulnerabilities, cancer cell migration mechanisms, ... Genome sequencing * Uncover genetic factors contributing to health and disease, ... GPS * Earthquakes: "only GPS could provide scientists with precise measurements of both large- and small-scale displacements" * Slow slips: "slow-slip motion is episodic movement across a fault that releases energy on timescales of hours to weeks rather than seconds to minutes as occurs in earthquakes" Psychology * What kind of measurement is going to revolutionize Psychology? [Credit microscope](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Electron_microscope.jpg) [Credit DNA sequencing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_sequencing) [Credit GPS](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GPS_Block_IIIA.jpg) [Credit experiment](http://webs.wichita.edu/depttools/depttoolsmemberfiles/psychology/images/hfimages/labs/surl03.jpg) [Credit questionaire](http://images.flatworldknowledge.com/price/price-fig09_002.jpg) [GPS](https://www.earthmagazine.org/article/precise-fault-how-gps-revolutionized-seismic-research) [Magnetic resonance spectroscopy](https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/07/science/john-roberts-organic-chemistry.html?_r=0) [Transmission electron microscope](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_electron_microscopy) [Unmanned aerial vehicles](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1890/120150/abstract) [Genome sequencing](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4066586/) [Sociology](https://www.technologyreview.com/s/526261/the-data-mining-techniques-that-reveal-our-planets-cultural-links-and-boundaries/) --- .pull-left[ ### Microbiology, medicine <img src="images/microscope.jpeg" style="height: 150px;"/> Electron microscope ### Seismology, ecology <img src="images/gps.png" style="height: 150px;"/> GPS ] .pull-right[ ### Plant biology, virology <img src="images/dna_sequencer.jpeg" style="height: 150px;"/> Genome sequencing ### Psychology <img src="images/questionnaire_qm.png" style="height: 150px;"/> Questionnaires? ] --- .pull-left[ ### Microbiology, medicine <img src="images/microscope.jpeg" style="height: 150px;"/> Electron microscope ### Seismology, ecology <img src="images/gps.png" style="height: 150px;"/> GPS ] .pull-right[ ### Plant biology, virology <img src="images/dna_sequencer.jpeg" style="height: 150px;"/> Genome sequencing ### Psychology <img src="images/experiment_qm.png" style="height: 150px;"/> Lab experiments? ] --- .pull-left[ ### Microbiology, medicine <img src="images/microscope.jpeg" style="height: 150px;"/> Electron microscope ### Seismology, ecology <img src="images/gps.png" style="height: 150px;"/> GPS ] .pull-right[ ### Plant biology, virology <img src="images/dna_sequencer.jpeg" style="height: 150px;"/> Genome sequencing ### Psychology <img src="images/fmri_qm.jpeg" style="height: 150px;"/> fMRI? ] --- class: center, middle # Modern measurement ### in # psychological science? ??? * Much of what you learn in textbooks comes from observations, surveys, lab experiments, and recently neuropsychological research. * What other modern kinds of measurement can you think of? Be creative! Brainstorm 1. What is psychological science all about? (the study of human behavior and mind) 2. What modern measurement can you think of? (discussed in following slides) --- class: inverse, center, middle background-image: url(images/information_age2.jpeg) # Measurement in the Information Age ??? * This course is an introduction to modern measurement in psychological science. * Since we're living in the information age, with internet, smartphones, apps, drones, autonomous cars, in the following 15 minutes I'll add some more examples to the ones already generated. [Image credit](https://www.theodysseyonline.com/information-age) --- class: center, middle <iframe width="750" height="500" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/ojiVpu7x8zE?rel=0&showinfo=0&start=31&end=205" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> ??? * But first nice to see how we ended up here through multiple information ages. * Like to show this, because it nicely illustrates where we come from, and how rapid changes are going right now. [Image credit](https://www.flickr.com/photos/krillion/14186125585) --- class: center, middle <img src="images/molenaar.png" style="width: 650px;"/> ###### Peter Molenaar (2004), A Manifesto on Psychology as Idiographic Science ??? * So we ended up in the current information age, or digital age. * This is a quote by Peter Molenaar, my supervisor's former supervisor and former head of the UvA psychological methods department. * Already 13 years ago he noticed the immense possibilities of this age for psychological science. * No need to go through all examples, also discuss examples from doumentary and literature, and students' experiences. --- class: center background-position: top background-image: url(images/facebook2.png) background-size: contain -- <img src="images/facebook3.png" style="width: 300px;"/> [...](http://www.pnas.org/content/112/4/1036.full.pdf) -- <img src="images/facebook_quote.png" style="width: 750px;"/> [...](https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/feb/26/robert-mercer-breitbart-war-on-media-steve-bannon-donald-trump-nigel-farage) or [...](https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/how-our-likes-helped-trump-win) & [try this at home](https://applymagicsauce.com/) ??? * Start with Facebook. * 70.000 users filled in a personality questionnaire. * On the basis of users' likes they tried to predict those personalities. * Here you see the accuracy of the computer model, given the number of likes. * Explain axes. * It is also shown how the average accuracy compares to those of 'humans': family worse, spouses better (but seems within error margin). * How did they do this? * Think of linear regression: each like receives a weight for a certain personality characteristic. * <font color="#D55E00">One of the guest speakers, Gilles, might explain some more about these techniques, called machine learning</font> * Check article! * Quote from a recent article about the Trump campaign. * Explains how 'big data' is used to make profiles of people and target them with individualized campaigns. * <font color="#D55E00">Can also check your own personality prediction based on your likes!</font> * <font color="#D55E00">What do students think of this? With respect to psychological science?</font> --- class: middle .pull-left[ <img src="images/google_parkinson.png"/> [...](http://nos.nl/artikel/2135155-big-data-onderzoek-naar-parkinson-met-respect-voor-privacy.html) ] -- .pull-right[ Thomas Insel, former director NIMH: <img src="images/nimh_1.png"/> [...](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/about/directors/thomas-insel/blog/2013/transforming-diagnosis.shtml) <img src="images/nimh_2.png"/> [...](https://danablog.org/2015/09/17/insel-to-gls/) ] ??? * 650 patients are followed for 2 years. * Research by Radboud UMC Nijmegen and Google (Verily). * Smart watch measures heart and brain activity. * To understand large individual differences (some can walk, some can't). * Fits a larger trend * Thomas Insel, national institute of mental health, US governmental organization for mental health * Blog post, 2013. * "NIMH has launched the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project to transform diagnosis by incorporating genetics, imaging, cognitive science, and other levels of information to lay the foundation for a new classification system." * Insel made a move to Google Life Sciences, now Verily. * Many people surprised: former head of NIMH and respected researcher moves to Google. * Interview, 2015. * Last slide Facebook, now Google: not the traditional psychology institutes. And new technology like smart watches: * <font color="#D55E00">What do students think of this? With respect to psychological science?</font> * <font color="#D55E00">Although coming from a decidely different angle, guest speakers Marie and Marija come speak about new methodology to learn about psychological disorders.</font> --- <img src="images/internetofthings.png" style="height: 350px;"/> [...](http://www.energybehavior.com/) -- <img src="images/smartcity.png" style="height: 175px;"/> [ams-institute.org](http://www.ams-institute.org/home/) [amsterdamsmartcity.com](https://amsterdamsmartcity.com/projects) [measuringamsterdam.nl](www.measuringamsterdam.nl) [data.amsterdam.nl](https://data.amsterdam.nl) ??? * Even closer to home: all kinds of measurements in student homes. * <font color="#D55E00">For what kind of research could this be used?</font> * Internet of things. Tell something about EARLI SIG27. Demonstrate digital pen. * This can be done on a decidedly larger scale. * Smart city! * City of Amsterdam very forward-thinking, and encourages the debate on making the city smarter. --- # Eye-tracking, virtual reality <iframe width="750" height="400" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/16VtA0YIddA?rel=0&showinfo=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> ??? * Show video. * Discuss uses. * Cognitive psychology: constantly know where people look at. Manipulate environment. * Clinical psychology: already being used for anxiety treatment. --- background-image: url(images/trump.png) # Emotion recognition .footnote[[try this at home](https://www.microsoft.com/cognitive-services/en-us/emotion-api#detection)] ??? * Automatic emotion recognition. * Might be used to automatically code videos. * Rich time-serie measurements! --- background-image: url(images/quantifiedself.jpeg) background-position: right # Quantified self -- <br> ## Caricature ### or ## prospect? ??? * Students have read a lot about this, what do they think of it? * A caricature of behavioral measurement? * This is also where it relates to Ken Uzelf. * In research project we'll quantify ourselves! [Image credit](http://wearable-technology.weebly.com/uploads/3/1/1/5/31151795/8646416.jpg?482) --- # Measurement age? .pull-left[ <img src="images/fmri.jpeg" style="height: 150px;"/> ##### Technology ] .pull-right[ <img src="images/apps.jpeg" style="height: 150px;"/> ##### Internet ] .pull-left[ <img src="images/network.jpeg" style="height: 150px;"/> ##### Methodology ] ??? * Is the information age a measurement age? * Three important ingredients, explain using examples from previous slides. 1. There are rapid technological advances, measuring anything and everything. (smart watch, virtual reality, etc.) 2. Internet, everything is connected, measurements directly available. (facebook, google) 3. Methodological advances enable the analysis of all this information. (emotion recognition, eye tracking) * Guest lecturers do advanced stuff in one or more of these three domains. [Image credit](http://mindwise-groningen.nl/networks-in-psychology-more-than-a-pretty-picture/) --- # But... <img src="images/googleflu.png" style="height: 100px;"/><br><br><br> -- <img src="images/googleglass.png" style="height: 100px;"/><br><br><br> -- <img src="images/fmri_cannotdo.png" style="height: 100px;"/> ??? [](https://www.google.org/flutrends/about/] [](https://www.google.com/intl/en_us/health/about/) --- background-image: url(images/hypecycle.svg) # Hype cycle ??? * Refer to What makes you click documentary: different interviewees were in different stages of the cycle. --- class: center, middle ## On a quest #### for # The Plateau of Productivity ### ⚔ --- # Starring: quest lecturers .pull-left[ <img src="images/marie.jpeg" style="height: 150px;"/> ##### Marie Deserno <img src="images/alexander.jpeg" style="height: 150px;"/> ##### Alexander Savi ] .pull-right[ <img src="images/marija.png" style="height: 150px;"/> ##### Marija Maric <img src="images/gilles.jpeg" style="height: 150px;"/> ##### Gilles de Hollander ] ??? * Refer to What makes you click documentary: also in this course no explicit discussion of ethics. * But: discussed methodologies and technologies do have explicit goals (in contrary to Facebook, etc.). --- # Starring: questers .pull-left[ <img src="images/jolanda.jpeg" style="height: 150px;"/> ##### Jolanda Kossakowski <img src="images/vera.jpeg" style="height: 150px;"/> ##### Vera van der Molen ] .pull-right[ <img src="images/joost.jpeg" style="height: 150px;"/> ##### Joost Zandvliet <img src="images/you.jpeg" style="height: 150px;"/> ##### You! ] --- class: center, middle, inverse background-image: url(images/stars.jpeg) background-size: cover # What excites me in Psychology? # How could the discussed technology or methodology be of any use? ??? * Of use practically (for instance in therapy) or to learn about psychology (for instance in science). * Especially during coming weeks, try to be aware of what's going on in the world of 'modern measurement' and share stuff with one another.